Improvement in wrenches



P. SAMUEL.

Wrench.

Patented Aug. 17,1875..

jurar/Sexe@ N-PETERS, PHoTaLITMOGRAPNER. WASMINGYON. D. C,

into the recess in the head c.

UNITED STATES PATENT @EET PETER SAMUEL, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN WRENCHES.

Specication forming part of Letters Patent No. 166,814, dated August 17,1875; application filed February 16, 1875.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, P. SAMUEL, of the city, county, and State of NewYork, have invented a new and Improved Wrench; and I do hereby declarethat the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same,reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming a part of thisspecification, in which- Figure 1 is a side elevation, and Fig. 3 asectional elevation, of my improved wrench. Figs. 2, ,4, 5, 6, 7, and 8are detail views, which will be readily understood without particulardescription.

The invention relates to the construction and arrangement of parts, ashereinafter described nd claimed, whereby an improvement is produced inthe class of diagonal or S Wrenches having a pivoted cam-handle.

Referring to Figs. l and 3 of drawing, the head c of the wrench isprovided with the usual form of fixed jaw c', and is likewise recessedlongitudinally to accommodate the screw b, by which the adjustment ofthe movable jaw a is effected. The jaw a has laterally-projectingportions or shoulders, by which it is supported and guided on thestraight parallel sides of the head c. rlhe screw b has a swiveled arm,d, which is beveled on its lower end to adapt it to Work in frictionalcontact with the double cani-head e of the handle h. The spiral springg, which is arranged in a recess of head c beneath the screw b, acts onthe swiveled arm d, tending to hold the jaw a away from fixed jaw c. Thescrew b has a fixed circular rib or shoulder, and a removable milledhead, b. Between these the swiveled arm d is secured, as shown, the jawa being rabbeted or recessed, to accommodate the same. The arm d has,therefore, no longitudinal movement on the screw. 'lhe jaw a is, on thecontrary, reciprocated by the screw, which passes through the partthereof that projects down As shown in Figs. 4 and 8,tl1e shape of thatpart of the jaw is in such relation to the said recess as to give it duesteadiness, and prevent its being removed except the pivoted handle h befirst removed.

The operation is as follows: The movable jaw a is iirst adjustedrelatively to the jaw c', to embrace the nut between them, as shown;but, as is well known, by the action of a screw the jaws of a wrenchcannot be made to clamp a nut so tightly as to prevent more or lessplay, and consequent danger of abrasion of the corners of the nut. Thisis a serious objection in case the nut be silver or nickel plated, orotherwise highly nished. The iirst effect of pressure applied to handleh is to cause it to advance the jaw a and clamp the nut tightly. Theincrease of pressure increases `the closeness of such contact, so thatabrasion of the nut is impossible. When the handle h is turned (on itspivot f) to the left the cam or projection e will act on the arm d, andthus on thejaw a.,- and when to the right the cam e" acts similarly, sothat the wrench may be operated to screw nuts on or otf their bolts.This result has not been heretofore attained by wrenches of this class,and is of special and obvious value and importance. The spring g movesthe jaw. a away from the side of the nut 5 at once the action of thehandle h ceases, so that the wrench maybe readily removed from the nut'I showin Fig. 9 a suitable form of jaws to act on pipes or othercylindrical objects.

What I claim as new is- In a Wrench, the combination of a pivoted handlehaving the two-faced cam with a longitudinally-recessed head having afixed jaw, the movable jaw a having a swiveled arm, d, a spring, and thescrew b, substantially as described.

PETER SAMUEL.

Witnesses BERT. ACKERMANN, B. L. ACKEEMANN, Jr.

